Assessment of Challenges Affecting Teaching and Learning of Biology in Secondary Schools in Biu, Borno State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study examines the challenges affecting the teaching and learning of Biology in secondary schools in Biu, Borno State, Nigeria. Employing a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 150 students and 25 teachers across five schools using structured questionnaires. Analysis with SPSS and MS Office Excel revealed that teacher competence, resource availability, learning environment, and teaching methods significantly impact Biology education. Teachers demonstrated strong subject knowledge but faced challenges in accessibility and feedback provision. Inadequate resources, such as laboratory equipment and textbooks, hindered effective learning, while environmental factors like noise and insufficient laboratory facilities further reduced teaching efficacy. Interactive, student-centred teaching methods proved effective, though reliance on traditional approaches limited critical thinking and practical application. The study concludes that addressing these challenges through improved teacher training, resource provision, enhanced infrastructure, and innovative teaching strategies is essential for fostering better learning outcomes in Biology education.